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Childhood leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for 29% of cancers in children aged 0–14 in 2018. [1] There are multiple forms of leukemia that occur in children, the most common being acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML). [ 2 ]
Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of leukemia in children. Chronic leukemia is characterized by the excessive buildup of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells (or, more rarely, red blood cells). Typically taking months or years to progress, the cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal, resulting in ...
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare form of chronic leukemia (cancer of the blood) that affects children, commonly those aged four and younger. [2] The name JMML now encompasses all diagnoses formerly referred to as juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia of infancy, and infantile monosomy 7 syndrome.
Childhood cancer is cancer in a child. About 80% of childhood cancer cases in high-income countries can be successfully treated via modern medical treatments and optimal patient care. [2] [3] However, only about 10% of children diagnosed with cancer reside in high-income countries where the necessary treatments and care is available.
Currently, standard treatment for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves long-term chemotherapy and medication to prevent or treat side effects associated with low white blood cell counts resulting from intensive chemotherapy regimens. The treatment typically occurs in three stages: induction, consolidation, and maintenance. [3]
The Children's Oncology Group (COG), a clinical trials group supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is the world's largest organization devoted exclusively to pediatric cancer research. [1] The COG conducts a spectrum of clinical research and translational research trials for infants, children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia represents approximately 20% of adults and 80% of childhood leukemias, making it the most common childhood cancer. [5] Although 80 to 90% of children will have a long term complete response with treatment, [ 45 ] : 1527 it remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among children.
VAMP regimen or VAMP chemotherapy is a four-drug combination chemotherapy regimen, used today in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma. [1] [2] It was one of the earliest combination chemotherapy regimens, originally developed as a treatment for childhood leukemia by a group of researchers at the National Cancer Institute led by Emil Frei and Emil Freireich.
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