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Autoinjectors were originally developed for the rapid administration of nerve gas antidotes in kits like the Mark I NAAK. The first modern epinephrine autoinjector, the EpiPen, was invented in the mid-1970s at Survival Technology in Bethesda, Maryland, US by Sheldon Kaplan [11] [12] and was first approved for marketing by the FDA in 1987. [13]
In the United States military, the Mark I NAAK, or MARK I Kit, ("Nerve Agent Antidote Kit") is a dual-chamber autoinjector: Two anti-nerve agent drugs—atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride—each in injectable form, constitute the kit. The kits are only effective against the nerve agents tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD) and VX.
accelerate the syringe forward, puncturing the injection site; actuate the piston of the syringe, injecting the drug; deploy a shield to cover the needle; Some injectors are triggered by simply pushing the nose ring against the injection site. In these designs, the protective cap is the primary safety.
For years, people with severe allergies have been prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector in case of emergency situations. But these injectors—which include the popular EpiPen—involve jabbing a ...
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Epinephrine vial 1 mg (Adrenalin). Epinephrine is used to treat a number of conditions, including cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and superficial bleeding. [25] It has been used historically for bronchospasm and low blood sugar, but newer treatments for these that are selective for β 2 adrenoceptors, such as salbutamol, are preferred.
Injector pens may also remove stigma or fear around the use of injection medication in public environments, such as insulin before a meal at a restaurant. [2] Combination injector pens which include multiple medications used to treat a disease are designed to reduce the number of injections a person must use to administer their medications. [3]
By design, autoinjectors are easy to use and are intended for self-administration by patients. The site of injection depends on the drug loaded, but it typically is administered into the thigh or the buttocks. The injectors were initially designed to overcome the hesitation associated with self-administration of the needle-based drug delivery ...