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Under typical physiological conditions, acetoacetic acid exists as its conjugate base, acetoacetate: AcCH 2 CO 2 H → AcCH 2 CO − 2 + H + Unbound acetoacetate is primarily produced by liver mitochondria from its thioester with coenzyme A (CoA): AcCH 2 C(O)−CoA + OH − → AcCH 2 CO − 2 + H−CoA. The acetoacetate-CoA itself is formed by ...
Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where ethyl acetoacetate is alkylated at the α-carbon to both carbonyl groups and then converted into a ketone, or more specifically an α-substituted acetone. This is very similar to malonic ester synthesis. Acetoacetic ester synthesis equation
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules or compounds that contain the ketone groups produced from fatty acids by the liver (ketogenesis). [1] [2] Ketone bodies are readily transported into tissues outside the liver, where they are converted into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-Coenzyme A) – which then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and is oxidized for energy.
In enzymology, an acetoacetate—CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + acetoacetate + CoA AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, acetoacetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and acetoacetyl-CoA.
The enzyme acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.11) catalyzes the reaction . acetoacetyl-CoA + H 2 O CoA + acetoacetate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds.
Acetoacetyl-CoA also behaves as a product of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) within the cytosol, using acetoacetate as the substrate, the reaction provides acetyl groups for lipogenesis. [8] Understanding acetoacetyl-CoA is important in cholesterol development and lipogenesis and Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase playing a role in its development ...
The original Knorr synthesis employed two equivalents of ethyl acetoacetate, one of which was converted to ethyl 2-oximinoacetoacetate by dissolving it in glacial acetic acid, and slowly adding one equivalent of saturated aqueous sodium nitrite, under external cooling. Zinc dust was then stirred in, reducing the oxime group to the amine. This ...
In enzymology, a butyrate-acetoacetate CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. butanoyl-CoA + acetoacetate butanoate + acetoacetyl-CoA. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are butanoyl-CoA and acetoacetate, whereas its two products are butanoate and acetoacetyl-CoA.