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Gonorrhoea or gonorrhea, colloquially known as the clap, [7] is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [8] Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum. [9] Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, [1] or from a mother to a child during birth. [1]
[7] [8] The term sexually transmitted infection is generally preferred over sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease, as it includes cases with no symptomatic disease. [9] Symptoms and signs of STIs may include vaginal discharge, penile discharge, ulcers on or around the genitals, and pelvic pain. [1] Some STIs can cause infertility. [1]
The CDC states, "The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, is to abstain from sexual contact or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected." [48]
An affected child can be treated using antibiotics much like an adult; however, any developmental symptoms are likely to be permanent. [ 32 ] The greater the duration between the infection of the mother and conception , the better the outcome for the infant including less chance of stillbirth or developing congenital syphilis.
Similarly, in Eastern Europe it was called "the malady of palaces". In France, the association of syphilis with court life was responsible for the term mal de cour, which usage lasted into modern times. The Rouen physician Jacques de Béthencourt (1477–ca. 1527) similarly observed that syphilis was known there as "the disease of the magnates".
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. [1] [2] The most prevalent STIs may be carried by a significant fraction of the human population.