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The Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) is an XML format used to describe scientific literature published online. It is a technical standard developed by the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) and approved by the American National Standards Institute with the code Z39.96-2012 .
hOCR is an open standard of data representation for formatted text obtained from optical character recognition (OCR). The definition encodes text, style, layout information, recognition confidence metrics and other information using Extensible Markup Language (XML) in the form of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or XHTML.
Journal Citation Reports (JCR) is an annual publication by Clarivate. [1] It has been integrated with the Web of Science and is accessed from the Web of Science Core Collection . It provides information about academic journals in the natural and social sciences , including impact factors .
When cursive handwriting is in play, for each word analyzed, the system breaks down the words into a sequence of graphemes, or subparts of letters. These various curves, shapes and lines make up letters and IWR considers these various shape and groupings in order to calculate a confidence value associated with the word in question. [4]
A PDF file is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24]
This comparison of optical character recognition software includes: . OCR engines, that do the actual character identification; Layout analysis software, that divide scanned documents into zones suitable for OCR
Another similar format which is widely used is IOB2 format, which is the same as the IOB format except that the B- tag is used in the beginning of every chunk (i.e. all chunks start with the B- tag). A readable introduction to entity tagging is given in Bob Carpenter's blog post, "Coding Chunkers as Taggers". [3] An example with IOB format:
CuneiForm '96 OCR release, with the first adaptive recognition algorithms in the world. Adaptive Recognition - a method based on a combination of two types of printed character recognition algorithms: multifont and omnifont. The system generates an internal font for each input document based on well printed characters using a dynamic adjustment ...