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The Jōmon pottery (縄文土器, Jōmon doki) is a type of ancient earthenware pottery which was made during the Jōmon period in Japan. The term "Jōmon" ( 縄文 ) means "rope-patterned" in Japanese, describing the patterns that are pressed into the clay.
Incipient Jōmon pottery (14th–8th millennium BC) Tokyo National Museum, Japan Jomon flame-style pottery, 3,000 BC, excavated at the Iwanohara site, Niigata Prefecture. The earliest pottery in Japan was made at or before the start of the Incipient Jōmon period. Small fragments, dated to 14,500 BC, were found at the Odai Yamamoto I site in 1998.
Pottery techniques reached their apogee during the Middle Jōmon period with the emergence of fire-flame pottery created by sculpting and carving coils of clay applied to vessel rims, resulting in a rugged appearance. [9] [11] [19] [20] A set of
Excavations in 1998 uncovered forty-six earthenware fragments which have been dated as early as 14,500 BC (ca 16,500 BP); this places them among the earliest pottery currently known. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] As the earliest in Japan, this marks the transition from the Japanese Paleolithic to Incipient Jōmon . [ 4 ]
They crafted lavishly decorated pottery storage vessels, clay figurines called dogū, and crystal jewels. A Final Jōmon dogū statuette (1000–400 BCE), Tokyo National Museum . The oldest examples of Jōmon pottery have flat bottoms, though pointed bottoms (meant to be held in small pits in the earth, like an amphora ) became common later. [ 3 ]
The style of pottery created by the Jōmon people is identifiable for its "cord-marked" patterns, hence the name "Jōmon" (縄文, "straw rope pattern").The pottery styles characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture used decoration created by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay, and are generally accepted to be among the oldest forms of pottery in East Asia and the world. [9]
The Higashimyō site is located on a low-lying marshland in the central Saga Plain, north of the modern Saga city. It is about 12 kilometers inland from the current coastline, but the coastline at the time of the Jōmon Maximum Transgression, about 7,000 years ago was near the site, and there is a large river nearby, and the site is estimated to be on the left bank of that river.
Northeast of these locations are the later sites, categorized as Proto-Jomon. These Proto-Jomon sites are distinguished by pottery that predominantly features fiber or cord impressions. [1] In the Miura Peninsula, pottery has shell marks. In the Western Kanto Plain, pottery changed from fiber marks to cord marks. Inaridai is a key site in this ...