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In fluid dynamics, a moving shock is a shock wave that is travelling through a fluid (often gaseous) medium with a velocity relative to the velocity of the fluid already making up the medium. [1] As such, the normal shock relations require modification to calculate the properties before and after the moving shock.
A gas spring consists of a sealed cylinder filled with a charge of high-pressure [5] gas, a piston rod attached to a piston with a sliding seal, and some oil. [1] The piston (or the cylinder wall) contains a number of channels that allow the gas to transfer between the lower chamber (between the piston and the closed end of the cylinder) and the upper chamber (between the piston and the head ...
Older furnaces sometimes relied on gravity instead of a blower to circulate air. [1]Gas-fired forced-air furnaces have a burner in the furnace fueled by natural gas.A blower forces cold air through a heat exchanger and then through duct-work that distributes the hot air through the building. [2]
Schematic diagram of an industrial process furnace. Fuel flows into the burner and is burnt with air provided from an air blower. There can be more than one burner in a particular furnace which can be arranged in cells which heat a particular set of tubes. Burners can also be floor mounted, wall mounted or roof mounted depending on design.
Diagram of natural draft gas furnace, early 20th century. The first category of furnaces is natural draft, atmospheric burner furnaces. These furnaces consisted of cast-iron or riveted-steel heat exchangers built within an outer shell of brick, masonry, or steel. The heat exchangers were vented through brick or masonry chimneys.
Such a system contains a boiler, furnace, or heat pump to heat water, steam, or air in a central location such as a furnace room in a home, or a mechanical room in a large building. The heat can be transferred by convection, conduction, or radiation. Space heaters are used to heat single rooms and only consist of a single unit.
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The shape of the combustion chamber, intake ports and exhaust ports are key to achieving efficient combustion and maximising power output. Cylinder heads are often designed to achieve a certain "swirl" pattern (rotational component to the gas flow) and turbulence, which improves the mixing and increases the flow rate of gasses. The shape of the ...