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Geologic Map of West Virginia. West Virginia's geologic history stretches back into the Precambrian, and includes several periods of mountain building and erosion. At times, much of what is now West Virginia was covered by swamps, marshlands, and shallow seas, accounting for the wide variety of sedimentary rocks found in the state, as well as its wealth of coal and natural gas deposits.
Davis’ book and its updates were published as part of the West Virginia Geological Survey series, but after 1965 it became apparent that no further updates would be forthcoming. Large quantities of new cave and karst data were becoming available and so the need for a dedicated survey program seemed evident.
Cardwell, Dudley H. Geologic History of West Virginia. West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey. 1977. "Grady, Fred. "The Search for the Cave From Which Thomas Jefferson Described the Bones of the Megalonyx". Selected Abstracts From the 1995 National Speleological Society National Convention in Blacksburg, Virginia.
The "Driftless Area" drains into rivers having rugged regions of bluffs and valleys. According to the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, the two large Ice Age lakes varied throughout the epoch. The last glacial lake, Monongahela, has been dated by Carbon-14 testing to between 22,000 and 39,000 years old.
William Edward Davies (December 24, 1917 – June 27, 1990) was a notable American geologist, speleologist and official of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). He produced pioneering surveys of West Virginia and Maryland caves.
The Bluefield Formation is a geologic formation in West Virginia.It preserves fossils dating back to the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous period.Sediments of this age formed along a large marine basin lying in the region of what is now the Appalachian Plateau.
Boswell, et al. (1987), does not recognize the Scherr and Foreknobs Formations in the subsurface of West Virginia and thus these formations are reduced from "group" to "formation" as the Greenland Gap Formation. [4] Rossbach and Dennison (1994) extended the Foreknobs into the Catawba syncline of southwestern Virginia. [5]
Lessing, Dean, and Kulander (1992) mapped the Meadow Branch synclinorium in Berkeley County, West Virginia, and noted that the Rockwell is approximately 200 meters thick here and that a 2-meter thick diamictite is present near the base. [6] Outcrops of the Rockwell Formation in Pennsylvania (Norfolk Southern Railway, Horseshoe Curve)