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PyTorch Lightning is an open-source Python library that provides a high-level interface for PyTorch, a popular deep learning framework. [1] It is a lightweight and high-performance framework that organizes PyTorch code to decouple research from engineering, thus making deep learning experiments easier to read and reproduce.
The library is designed to reduce computing power and memory use and to train large distributed models with better parallelism on existing computer hardware. [2] [3] DeepSpeed is optimized for low latency, high throughput training. It includes the Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) for training models with 1 trillion or more parameters. [4]
The Open Neural Network Exchange project was created by Meta and Microsoft in September 2017 for converting models between frameworks. Caffe2 was merged into PyTorch at the end of March 2018. [ 23 ] In September 2022, Meta announced that PyTorch would be governed by the independent PyTorch Foundation, a newly created subsidiary of the Linux ...
TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks, but is used mainly for training and inference of neural networks . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, alongside others such as PyTorch and PaddlePaddle.
Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library, and later supporting more. "Keras 3 is a full rewrite of Keras [and can be used] as a low-level cross-framework language to develop custom components such as layers ...
JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions developed by Google with some contributions from Nvidia. [2] [3] [4] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and OpenXLA's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
LangChain was launched in October 2022 as an open source project by Harrison Chase, while working at machine learning startup Robust Intelligence. The project quickly garnered popularity, [3] with improvements from hundreds of contributors on GitHub, trending discussions on Twitter, lively activity on the project's Discord server, many YouTube tutorials, and meetups in San Francisco and London.
Torch is an open-source machine learning library, a scientific computing framework, and a scripting language based on Lua. [3] It provides LuaJIT interfaces to deep learning algorithms implemented in C. It was created by the Idiap Research Institute at EPFL. Torch development moved in 2017 to PyTorch, a port of the library to Python. [4] [5] [6]