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The effects of the NAD + /NADH ratio are complex, controlling the activity of several key enzymes, including glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In healthy mammalian tissues, estimates of the ratio of free NAD + to NADH in the cytoplasm typically lie around 700:1; the ratio is thus favorable for oxidative reactions.
Representational difference analysis (RDA) is a technique used in biological research to find sequence differences in two genomic or cDNA samples. Genomes or cDNA sequences from two samples (i.e. cancer sample and a normal sample) are PCR amplified and differences analyzed using subtractive DNA hybridization .
In the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), free analyte analog molecules labeled with an enzyme (e.g., glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme) compete with the analyte being tested. The active enzyme reduces NAD (no signal) to NADH (which absorbs at 340 nm), so absorbance is monitored at 340 nm.
NAD + kinase (EC 2.7.1.23, NADK) is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) into NADP + through phosphorylating the NAD + coenzyme. [6] NADP + is an essential coenzyme that is reduced to NADPH primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway to provide reducing power in biosynthetic processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis and nucleotide synthesis. [7]
NADH + H + + acceptor ⇌ NAD + + reduced acceptor. NADH dehydrogenase is a flavoprotein that contains iron-sulfur centers. NADH dehydrogenase is used in the electron transport chain for generation of ATP. The EC term NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) (EC 1.6.5.11) is defined for NADH dehydrogenases that use a quinone (excluding ubiquinone) as the ...
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and NADH, whereas its two products are ADP and NADPH. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:NADH 2'-phosphotransferase.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP [1] [2] or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
an aldehyde + NAD + + H 2 O an acid + NADH + H + The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde, NAD +, and H 2 O, whereas its 3 products are acid, NADH, and H +. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.