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  2. Diffraction spike - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_spike

    Apertures blades of camera. Iris diaphragms with moving blades are used in most modern camera lenses to restrict the light received by the film or sensor. While manufacturers attempt to make the aperture circular for a pleasing bokeh, when stopped down to high f-numbers (small apertures), its shape tends towards a polygon with the same number of sides as blades.

  3. Optical aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_aberration

    Incident rays (red) away from the center of the mirror produce reflected rays (green) that miss the focal point, F. This is due to spherical aberration. With an ideal lens, light from any given point on an object would pass through the lens and come together at a single point in the image plane (or, more generally, the image surface). Real ...

  4. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    These lenses use some form of the cassegrain design which greatly reduces the physical length of the optical assembly, partly by folding the optical path, but mostly through the telephoto effect of the convex secondary mirror which multiplies the focal length many times (up to 4 to 5 times). [12]

  5. Optical power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_power

    Converging lenses have positive optical power, while diverging lenses have negative power. When a lens is immersed in a refractive medium, its optical power and focal length change. For two or more thin lenses close together, the optical power of the combined lenses is approximately equal to the sum of the optical powers of each lens: P = P 1 ...

  6. Optical glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_glass

    Optical glass refers to a quality of glass suitable for the manufacture of optical systems such as optical lenses, prisms or mirrors.Unlike window glass or crystal, whose formula is adapted to the desired aesthetic effect, optical glass contains additives designed to modify certain optical or mechanical properties of the glass: refractive index, dispersion, transmittance, thermal expansion and ...

  7. Refractive error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error

    One style is hard contact lenses, which can distort the shape of the cornea to a desired shape. Another style, soft contact lenses, are made of silicone or hydrogel. Depending on the duration they are designed for, they may be worn daily or may be worn for an extended period of time, such as for weeks. [35] There are a number of complication ...

  8. Diffraction grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating

    A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.

  9. Adaptive optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_optics

    Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes [ 1 ] and laser communication systems to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion , in microscopy, [ 2 ] optical fabrication [ 3 ] and in retinal imaging systems [ 4 ] to reduce optical ...

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