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The RALES trial [30] showed that the addition of spironolactone can improve mortality, particularly in severe cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction less than 25%.) The related medication eplerenone was shown in the EPHESUS trial [ 31 ] to have a similar effect, and it is specifically labelled for use in decompensated heart failure complicating ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
An ejection fraction (EF) is the volumetric fraction (or portion of the total) of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat). It can refer to the cardiac atrium , [ 1 ] ventricle , [ 2 ] gall bladder, [ 3 ] or leg veins, [ 4 ] although if unspecified it usually refers to the left ...
Left-sided heart failure may be present with a reduced ejection fraction or with a preserved ejection fraction. [10] Heart failure is not the same as cardiac arrest, in which blood flow stops completely due to the failure of the heart to pump. [12] [13] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, physical findings, and echocardiography. [6]
The key indication for CRT is left bundle branch block (LBBB) of the heart, a cardiac abnormality leading to delayed left ventricular contraction. LBBB causes a QRS prolongation of ≥120 ms on the electrocardiogram, contributing to poor left ventricular coordination and reduced systolic function, thereby reduced ejection fraction (<35%). This ...
Heart failure, particularly with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion, plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of heart failure by contributing to fluid overload, myocardial fibrosis, and vascular damage.
Mavacamten reduces the left ventricular ejection fraction and can cause heart ... intended for the treatment of ... South Korea, [24] Singapore, [25 ...
In the acute setting, the stroke volume of the left ventricle is increased (increased ejection fraction); this happens because of more complete emptying of the heart. However, as it progresses the LV volume increases and the contractile function deteriorates, thus leading to dysfunctional LV and a decrease in ejection fraction. [14]
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