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diagram of a double-effect falling film evaporator. Condensing vapors from flash tank B1 heat evaporator A2. •1=feed •2=product •3=steam •4=vapors. In chemical engineering, a multiple-effect evaporator is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. [1]
A multi-evaporator system is a vapor-compression refrigeration system generally consisting of four major components: Evaporator; Compressor; Condenser; Thermal expansion valve; Sometimes in a refrigerator several loads are varied. Refrigerators used to function at different loads operated under different condition of temperatures and pressures.
There are several design variations that are commonly used in industrial field. These include single-effect and multiple-effect evaporators. The choice of evaporator design is dictated by constraints of the process. Fundamentally, there are four factors involved in designing this evaporator: prevention of nucleate boiling; short residence time;
Multiple effect evaporation (MEE) Thermal vapor recompression (TVR) (also known as thermocompression) A combination of the three methods may be used depending on the process. For instance, a 3-effect evaporator circuit may be installed using MVR to transfer heat.
Multiple-effect distillation (MED) Vapor-compression (VC) Ion exchange; Membrane processes. Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) Reverse osmosis (RO) Nanofiltration (NF) Membrane distillation (MD) Forward osmosis (FO) Freezing desalination; Geothermal desalination; Solar desalination. Solar humidification–dehumidification (HDH) Multiple-effect ...
Concentration values of forced circulation evaporators can handle more than the limits of conventional tubular evaporators when handling feed with dissolved salts and is often used as a finishing evaporator for concentration of liquids to high solid content following low solids multi-stage, TVR or MVR evaporation. [9]
A vapor-compression evaporator, like most evaporators, can make reasonably clean water from any water source. In a salt crystallizer, for example, a typical analysis of the resulting condensate shows a typical content of residual salt not higher than 50 ppm or, in terms of electrical conductance , not higher than 10 μS/cm .
Multiple types of evaporation materials and electron guns can be used simultaneously in a single EBPVD system, each having a power from tens to hundreds of kilowatts. Electron beams can be generated by thermionic emission, field electron emission or the anodic arc method. The generated electron beam is accelerated to a high kinetic energy and ...