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Replaced by four free-standing wooden lattice towers South Wellfleet, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States November 25, 1901: 20 wooden poles arranged in a circle 64 Storm Identical design to Poldhu installation. Replaced by 4 free-standing wooden lattice towers. Machrihanish, Scotland [1] December 5, 1906: Guyed steel tubular mast 128 Storm
Outdoor, above-ground substation structures include wood pole, lattice metal tower, and tubular metal structures, although other variants are available. Where space is plentiful and appearance of the station is not a factor, steel lattice towers provide low-cost supports for transmission lines and apparatus.
John Hancock Center in Chicago, designed in 1965 and finished in 1969, is an example of the trussed tube structural design. In structural engineering, the tube is a system where, to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered perpendicular to the ground.
Tubular steel poles are typically made from 11-gauge galvanized steel, with thicker 10- or 7-gauge materials used for some taller poles because of their higher strength and rigidity. For tall tower-type structures, 5-gauge materials are used.
In the recent past, HSS was commonly available in mild steel, such as A500 grade B. Today, HSS is commonly available in mild steel, A500 grade C. Other steel grades available for HSS are A847 (weathering steel), A1065 (large sections up to 50 inch sq made with SAW process), and recently approved A1085 (higher strength, tighter tolerances than ...
Stringer: Steel beam that ties caps together Top cap: Steel Beam Post: steel pipe or 12×12 lumber. Bottom cap: steel beam Wedge pack: 4×4 lumber cut into wedges for falsework adjustment, various lumber sizes include 2×6s and plywood Corbel: distribute load to pads. Typical material is 12×12 lumber and steel beams Pad: distribute load to ground.
Anchor channels, invented by Anders Jordahl in 1913, are steel channels cast flush in reinforced concrete elements to allow the installation of channel bolts for the fastening of components. Anchor channels consist of steel C-shaped channels and anchors (mostly headed studs ) which are connected to the channel by welding or riveting/forging.
The structural channel, C-channel or parallel flange channel (PFC), is a type of (usually structural steel) beam, used primarily in building construction and civil engineering. Its cross section consists of a wide "web", usually but not always oriented vertically, and two "flanges" at the top and bottom of the web, only sticking out on one side ...