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A mitogen is a small bioactive protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division . Mitogenesis is the induction (triggering) of mitosis, typically via a mitogen.
VEGF xxx may then cause the creation of new blood vessels in the retina and elsewhere in the eye, heralding changes that may threaten the sight. VEGF-A plays a role in the disease pathology of the wet form age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness for the elderly of the industrialized world. The vascular ...
Prolonged GH excess thickens the bones of the jaw, fingers and toes, resulting in heaviness of the jaw and increased size of digits, referred to as acromegaly. Accompanying problems can include sweating, pressure on nerves (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome ), muscle weakness, excess sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin resistance or even a ...
The first mitogen-activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 in mammals. Since ERK1 and its close relative ERK2 are both involved in growth factor signaling, the family was termed "mitogen-activated". With the discovery of other members, even from distant organisms (e.g. plants), it has become increasingly clear that the name is a ...
Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [1] [2] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [3]
Newborns may also present low blood sugar or a small penis size. [2] In adults there may be decreased muscle mass, high cholesterol levels, or poor bone density. [1] GHD can be present at birth or develop later in life. [1] Causes may include genetics, trauma, infections, tumors, or radiation therapy. [2]
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, also called p38-α, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK14 gene. [ 5 ] MAPK14 encodes p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is the prototypic member of the p38 MAPK family.