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Horizontal analysis is performed by comparing financial data from a past statement, such as the income statement. When comparing this past information one will want to look for variations such as higher or lower earnings. [5] Vertical analysis is a percentage analysis of financial statements.
People with low self-esteem and negative affect improve their mood by making downward comparisons. Their mood does not improve as much as it would if they had high self-esteem. Even for people with low self-esteem, these downward social comparisons do improve their negative mood and allow them to feel hope and motivation for their future.
Financial analysts can also use percentage analysis which involves reducing a series of figures as a percentage of some base amount. [1] For example, a group of items can be expressed as a percentage of net income. When proportionate changes in the same figure over a given time period expressed as a percentage is known as horizontal analysis. [2]
The vertical or horizontal social mobility that a person shows in his own life is called intragenerational mobility. [7] According to Weber , when mobility changes, up or down, class conflicts lose their central importance and group solidarity gives way to competition. [ 8 ]
This image is an example of a horizon chart, illustrating a series of 13 datasets spanning from 2010 to 2020. A horizon chart or horizon graph is a 2-dimensional data visualization displaying a quantitative data over a continuous interval, most commonly a time period.
It is also called the horizontal expansion of job activities. This contradicts the principles of specialisation and the division of labour whereby work is divided into small units, each of which is performed repetitively by an individual worker and the responsibilities are always clear. Some motivational theories suggest that the boredom and ...
Another reason for applying data transformation is to improve interpretability, even if no formal statistical analysis or visualization is to be performed. For example, suppose we are comparing cars in terms of their fuel economy. These data are usually presented as "kilometers per liter" or "miles per gallon".
The first self-assessment based on Marston's DISC theory was created in 1956 by Walter Clarke, an industrial psychologist. In 1956, Clarke created the Activity Vector Analysis, a checklist of adjectives on which he asked people to indicate descriptions that were accurate about themselves. [6]