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Phase I permits were issued in much of the U.S. in 1991. The Phase II rule required that all municipalities, construction sites of 1 acre (4,000 m 2) or more, and other large property owners (such as school districts) have NPDES permits for their stormwater discharges. EPA published the Phase II regulation in 1999.
Based on the stochastic nature of nonpoint pollution, NPDES permit system for point sources can not simply be used on nonpoint sources. Although many literature reviews mention tradable permits between point sources and nonpoint sources, unfortunately, current economic literature provides little guidance as to how to set trading ratios.
The NPDES e-reporting Tool Discharge Monitoring Report (NetDMR) is an EPA web-based tool that allows NPDES permittees to electronically sign and submit their discharge monitoring reports to EPA via a secure internet connection (NetDMR is the new tool that replaced the previous Permit Compliance System (PCS)). Information from ICIS database is ...
Some permits cover both stormwater and non-stormwater discharges. NPDES permits must be reissued every five years. Permit agencies (EPA, states, tribes) must provide notice to the public of pending permits and provide an opportunity for public comment. [67] In 2012, EPA estimated that there are over 500,000 stormwater permittees.
These plants have been very successful in meeting their National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit limits. These limits are designed to protect and enhance the quality of surface waters. The 2017 average plant flow, effluent values, and permit compliance for each plant are presented below in Table 1. [9]
Duty to Apply for an NPDES Permit: The 2003 EPA rule imposed a duty on all CAFOs to apply for an NPDES permit (or demonstrate that they had no potential to discharge). [102] The rationale for this requirement was the EPA's "presumption that most CAFOs have a potential to discharge pollutants into waters of the United States" and therefore must ...
To implement TMDLs with point sources, wasteload allocations are incorporated into discharge permits for these sources. [13] The permits are issued by EPA or delegated state agencies under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System . Nonpoint source discharges (e.g. agriculture) are generally in a voluntary compliance scenario.
As of 2021, the EPA has approved 47 states to administer all or portions of the permit program. [142] EPA regional offices manage the program in the remaining areas of the country. [141] The Water Quality Act of 1987 extended NPDES permit coverage to industrial stormwater dischargers and municipal separate storm sewer systems. [143]