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Rifting may lead to continental breakup and formation of oceanic basins. Successful rifting leads to seafloor spreading along a mid-oceanic ridge and a set of conjugate margins separated by an oceanic basin. [14] Rifting may be active, and controlled by mantle convection. It may also be passive, and driven by far-field tectonic forces that ...
Red Sea Rift between the African (Nubian) Plate and the Arabian plate The Red Sea Rift is a mid-ocean ridge between two tectonic plates , the African plate and the Arabian plate . It extends from the Dead Sea Transform fault system, and ends at an intersection with the Aden Ridge and the East African Rift , forming the Afar triple junction in ...
Earlier theories by Alfred Wegener and Alexander du Toit of continental drift postulated that continents in motion "plowed" through the fixed and immovable seafloor. The idea that the seafloor itself moves and also carries the continents with it as it spreads from a central rift axis was proposed by Harold Hammond Hess from Princeton University and Robert Dietz of the U.S. Naval Electronics ...
The second geometry set is based on the propagation style of the rifts. [11] Under this geometry model, three types of propagating rifts were described: (1) Discontinuous (2) Continuous (3) Broad Transform-zone. "Discontinuous" is used to describe propagating rifts with discrete propagation motion (or ridge jumps).
The Wilson cycle theory is based upon the idea of an ongoing cycle of ocean closure, continental collision, and a formation of new ocean on the former suture zone.The Wilson Cycle can be described in six phases of tectonic plate motion: the separation of a continent (continental rift), formation of a young ocean at the seafloor, formation of ocean basins during continental drift, initiation of ...
These zones are identified by typical seismic velocities between 7.2 and 7.7 km/s and are usually interpreted as layers of mafic to ultramafic rocks that have underplated the transitional crust. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Asthenospheric upwelling leads to the formation of a mid-ocean ridge and new oceanic crust progressively separates the once-conjoined ...
Finally, there is rifting at the crest of the domed crust and volcanism occurs. [10] In passive rifting, driven by plate tectonics, the crust and lithosphere extend as a result of plate boundary forces such as slab pull. [10] Far field stresses thin the crust and lithospheric mantle, and hot asthenospheric mantle passively enters the thinned ...
Defining the ocean basins based on connectivity of the entire ocean (depth and width) is therefore not possible. Froyland et al. (2014) [ 7 ] defined ocean basins based on surface connectivity. This is achieved by creating a Markov Chain model of the surface ocean dynamics using short term time trajectory data from a global ocean model.