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The use of trapezoidal rule in AUC calculation was known in literature by no later than 1975, in J.G. Wagner's Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. A 1977 article compares the "classical" trapezoidal method to a number of methods that take into account the typical shape of the concentration plot, caused by first-order kinetics .
There are various competing calculation methods for the drug accumulation ratio, yielding somewhat different results. A commonly used formula defines R ac as the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) during a single dosing interval under steady state conditions to the AUC during a dosing interval after one single dose: [1]
Thereby, mathematically, bioavailability equals the ratio of comparing the area under the plasma drug concentration curve versus time (AUC) for the extravascular formulation to the AUC for the intravascular formulation. [4] AUC is used because AUC is proportional to the dose that has entered the systemic circulation. [5]
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. [7] It is administered intravenously (injection into a vein) to treat complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. [8]
It is possible to calculate the amount of a drug in the blood plasma that has a real potential to bring about its effect using the formula: D e = B ⋅ D a {\displaystyle De=B\cdot Da\,} where De is the effective dose , B bioavailability and Da the administered dose.
In pharmacology, the volume of distribution (V D, also known as apparent volume of distribution, literally, volume of dilution [1]) is the theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma. [2]
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.
C max is the opposite of C min, which is the minimum (or trough) concentration that a drug achieves after dosing.The related pharmacokinetic parameter t max is the time at which the C max is observed.