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Selected basic Taghbach words from Shimunek (2017) are listed below. Forms reconstructed using the comparative method are marked with one asterisk (*), while forms reconstructed according to the Chinese fanqie spellings and/or rhymes of the traditional Chinese philological tradition are marked with two asterisks (**) (originally marked as by Shimunek 2017).
Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the proto-language from which the various Algonquian languages are descended. It is generally estimated to have been spoken around 2,500 to 3,000 years ago, [1] but there is less agreement on where it was spoken.
Texts discussing linguistic reconstruction commonly preface reconstructed forms with an asterisk (*) to distinguish them from attested forms. An attested word from which a root in the proto-language is reconstructed is a reflex. More generally, a reflex is the known derivative of an earlier form, which may be either attested or reconstructed.
Sep. 1—WILKES-BARRE — Treasurer Stacy Garrity this week announced that Pennsylvania will receive more than $20 million in unclaimed property following a settlement that concludes the landmark ...
Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.. Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages.
The PIE phonology, particles, numerals, and copula are also well-reconstructed. Asterisks are used by linguists as a conventional mark of reconstructed words, such as * wódr̥, * ḱwn̥tós, or * tréyes; these forms are the reconstructed ancestors of the modern English words water, hound, and three, respectively.
The flag of Shenango Township (in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania) has a keystone symbol on it. The shield is shaped like a keystone symbol on the de-facto coat of arms of the city of Allentown, Pennsylvania, which is placed on the city's official flag and seal. [10] [11] The seal of Keystone Heights, Florida also has a keystone symbol on it. [12]
The infinitive ended in -naną, and the past tense was formed with -nōd-. The present tense forms are uncertain, but probably varied between -ō- and -a-. These verbs were inchoatives, and indicated a change of state or the process of coming into that state. As a result, they were always intransitive, and had no passive forms or a past participle.