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Christian polemics and apologetics in Europe during the Middle Ages were primarily directed inwards, either against "heretics," such as the Cathars, or between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox. A subset of polemic and apologetic activity continued against Judaism and Islam, both openly in Christian Europe and more circumspectly in the pre ...
A small liberal wing within Modern Orthodox Judaism, particularly rabbis friendly to the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA), has begun re-examining the role of women in prayers based on an individual, case-by-case look at the historical role of specific prayers and services, doing so within classical halakhic interpretation. Accepting ...
In the past 100 years, Orthodox Jewish education for women has expanded. [72] This is most visible in the development of the Bais Yaakov system. Orthodox women have been working to expand women's learning and scholarship, promoting women's ritual inclusion in worship and promoting women's communal and religious leadership. [73]
During the Middle Ages blood libels were directed against Jews in many parts of Europe. The believers of these accusations reasoned that the Jews, having crucified Jesus, continued to thirst for pure and innocent blood and satisfied their thirst at the expense of innocent Christian children.
Orthodox Judaism emphasizes practicing rules of kashrut, Shabbat, family purity, and tefilah (daily prayer). Many Orthodox can be identified by their dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox men and women dress modestly covering most of their skin. Married women cover their hair, with scarves , snoods, turbans, hats, berets, or wigs.
In the days of Mordechai and Esther in Shushan the Capital [of Persia], when the evil Haman rose up against them, he sought to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate all the Jews, young and old, infants and women, in one day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, and to plunder their wealth— And You, in Your ...
He then added the genocide of Jews throughout Europe by the Nazis, and the latest terrorist attack by Hamas on Oct. 7. One could be forgiven for wondering how the Jews have triggered such enmity.
The Amidah (Hebrew: תפילת העמידה, Tefilat HaAmidah, 'The Standing Prayer'), also called the Shemoneh Esreh (שמנה עשרה 'eighteen'), is the central prayer of Jewish liturgy. Observant Jews recite the Amidah during each of the three services prayed on weekdays: Morning ( Shacharit ), afternoon ( Mincha ), and evening ( Ma'ariv ).