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Candidate of Sciences (Candidatus scientiarum – CSc., replaced by common Ph.D. in the Czech Republic in 1998 and by PhD. in Slovakia in 1996); Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiae doctor – Ph.D. or PhD., awarded since 1998 and 1996, respectively; requires at least 3–5-year doctoral study and coursework of 120-180 Credits)
The Validation or recognition of foreign studies and degrees is the process whereby a competent authority in one country formally recognises the value of a qualification from a foreign country. [1] This can entail total or partial validation of foreign university and non-university studies, degrees and other qualifications.
The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) reports on the number of qualifications at various levels awarded. [1] Institutions that awarded no first-degree level qualifications and more than 50 postgraduate-level qualifications in 2021–22 are listed below.
In 2003 a national reform, called the Quality reform, was implemented throughout the entire national higher education system. Norway was one of the first countries in Europe to implement the Bologna convention, thus creating a 3+2+3 year system in accordance with the Bologna Process.
The SAIS Europe, [1] located in Bologna, Italy, is the European campus of the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) under Johns Hopkins University.SAIS Europe's degree programs emphasize international economics, international relations, European Union policy, and global risk with options to specialize in a broad range of other policy areas and geographic regions.
The European Union comes second, with 19 universities in the top 100 of the Academic World University Rankings 2022 and 21 ranked universities, followed by the United Kingdom, said the European Commission, which has published a note on this classification in November 2021. Canada, Australia, China and Switzerland are also well represented in ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 3 February 2025. Higher Education Institute in Geneva, Switzerland Geneva Graduate Institute Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement Former names Graduate Institute of International Studies (1927–2007) Type Semi-private, semi-public graduate school University institute ...
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) is first published in June 2003 by the Center for World-Class Universities (CWCU), Graduate School of Education (formerly the Institute of Higher Education) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and updated on an annual basis.