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This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, classified as imperative programming, [1] that involves implementing the behavior of a computer program as procedures (a.k.a. functions, subroutines) that call each other. The resulting program is a series of steps that forms a hierarchy of calls to its constituent procedures.
Language Original purpose Imperative Object-oriented Functional Procedural Generic Reflective Other paradigms Standardized; 1C:Enterprise programming language: Application, RAD, business, general, web, mobile
Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or multi-paradigm with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.
The Art of Computer Programming (general computer-science masterpiece by Donald E. Knuth) The Cathedral and the Bazaar - book comparing top-down vs. bottom-up open-source software; The Philosophy of Computer Science [14] Where's the Theory for Software Engineering? [15] The Yo-yo problem
Object-oriented programming is executing operations on objects. [22] Object-oriented languages support a syntax to model subset/superset relationships. In set theory, an element of a subset inherits all the attributes contained in the superset. For example, a student is a person. Therefore, the set of students is a subset of the set of persons.
The third book in the Yarros’ “Empyrean” series comes out in January from Entangled Publishing. The follow-up to “Fourth Wing” and “Iron Flame” swaps Basgiath War College lessons for ...
In attempt to improve on procedural languages, object-oriented programming (OOP) languages were created, such as Simula, Smalltalk, C++, Eiffel, Python, PHP, Java, and C#. In these languages, data and methods to manipulate the data are in the same code unit called an object.