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Developmental norms are sometimes called milestones – they define the recognized development pattern that children are expected to follow. Each child develops in a unique way; however, using norms helps in understanding these general patterns of development while recognizing the wide variation between individuals.
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age.
Newmeyer suggests parents download the CDC's free milestone tracker app, which can help parents keep tabs on their child's development from ages 2 months through 5 years old.
The Gesell Developmental Schedules claimed that an appraisal of the developmental status of infants and young children could be made. The Gesell Developmental Schedule believes that human development unfolds in stages, or in sequences over a given time period. These stages were considered milestones, or the manifestations of mental development. [1]
The Rourke Baby Record is a pediatric record widely used in Canada, and provides practice guidelines to physicians for the care of Canadian neonates, infants and toddlers. "The Rourke", as it is called among Canadian family physicians and pediatricians, is published by the Canadian Pediatric Society, and is intended for general use with patients ages 0–5 years. [1]
Nine-week-old human embryo from an ectopic pregnancy. Organogenesis is the development of the organs that begins during the third to eighth week, and continues until birth. Sometimes full development, as in the lungs, continues after birth. Different organs take part in the development of the many organ systems of the body.
During the earliest years it's important for parents to keep track of each little millstone to ensure the babies health. [166] Starting with each month there are milestones that should be achieved in social/emotional, language/ communication, cognitive, and movement/physical areas. [166]