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In the United States, the prevalence of obese or overweight adult dogs is 23–53%, of which about 5% are obese; [22] [23] the incidence in adult cats is 55%, [23] of which about 8% are obese. [22] In Australia, obesity is the most common nutritional disease of pets; [24] the prevalence of obesity in dogs in Australia is approximately 40%. [14]
The coefficient of inbreeding (COI) is a number measuring how inbred an individual is. Specifically, it is the probability that two alleles at any locus in an individual are identical by descent from a common ancestor of the two parents.
Like many other medical conditions, obesity is the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. [2] [3] Studies have identified variants in several genes that may contribute to weight gain and body fat distribution; although, only in a few cases are genes the primary cause of obesity. [4] [5]
Analysis of the pedigree using the principles of Mendelian inheritance can determine whether a trait has a dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance. Pedigrees are often constructed after a family member afflicted with a genetic disorder has been identified. This individual, known as the proband, is indicated on the pedigree by an arrow. [5]
Obesity in pets is common in many countries. In the United States, 23–41% of dogs are overweight, and about 5.1% are obese. [286] The rate of obesity in cats was slightly higher at 6.4%. [286] In Australia, the rate of obesity among dogs in a veterinary setting has been found to be 7.6%. [287]
The diet-induced obesity model (DIO model) is an animal model used to study obesity using animals that have obesity caused by being fed high-fat or high-density diets. [1] It is intended to mimic the most common cause of obesity in humans. [2] Typically mice, rats, dogs, or non-human primates are used in these models.
As with humans, obesity can cause numerous health problems in dogs (although dogs are much less susceptible to the common cardiac and arterial consequences of obesity than humans are). According to a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine , the prevalence of obesity in dogs is between 22 and 40 percent.
A genetic correlation of 0 implies that the genetic effects on one trait are independent of the other, while a correlation of 1 implies that all of the genetic influences on the two traits are identical. The bivariate genetic correlation can be generalized to inferring genetic latent variable factors across > 2 traits using factor analysis ...