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The North West Company opened in 1784, exploring as far west and north as Lake Athabasca. [12] The American Fur Company, owned and operated by John Jacob Astor, was founded in 1808. By 1830, the American Fur Company had grown to monopolize and control the American fur industry.
The trade soon became one of the main economic drivers in North America, attracting competition amongst European nations, who maintained trade interests in the Americas. The United States sought to remove the substantial British control over the North American fur trade during the first decades of its existence. Many Indigenous peoples would ...
Shortly after founding a permanent settlement at Quebec City in 1608, Samuel de Champlain sought to ally himself with the local native peoples or First Nations. He decided to send French boys to live among them to learn their languages in order to serve as interpreters, in the hope of persuading the natives to trade with the French rather than with the Dutch, who were active along the Hudson ...
The exploration of Native American fur and labor from European trading companies began extensively in the time period between 1600s-1700s. [6] (pg 25) The development of the fur trade led to the establishment of firm social and political boundaries between tribes as well as the establishment of coalitions and confederacies between tribes.
In turn, Native American demand influenced the trade of goods brought by Europeans. Economic contact between Native Americans and European colonists began in the early stages of European settlement. [1] From the 17th century to the 19th century, the English and French mainly traded for animal pelts and fur with Native Americans. [2]
The American Fur Trade of the Far West: A History of the Pioneer Trading Posts and Early Fur Companies of the Missouri Valley and the Rocky Mountains and the Overland Commerce with Santa Fe. 2 vols. (1902). full text online; Dolin, Eric Jay (2010). Fur, Fortune, and Empire: The Epic History of the Fur Trade in America (1st ed.).
In 1823 Astor bought Pilcher's, bringing it into his monopoly of the fur trade under the American Fur Company. In 1828 the trader Lucien Fontenelle, born into a wealthy French Creole family in New Orleans, purchased Pilcher's Trading Post. [5] Having started trading at age 19, Fontenelle was then 28 and a representative of the American Fur Company.
She was born Marguerite-Magdelaine Marcot in February 1781 at Fort St. Joseph, near present-day Niles, Michigan. [1] She was the youngest of seven mixed-race children of Jean Baptiste Marcot (1720–1783), a French factor or chief agent for the Northwest Fur Company, and his Odawa wife, Marie Nekesh (c.1740 - c.1790), also known as Marianne or Marie Amighissen. [2]