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The Nuremberg Laws (German: Nürnberger Gesetze, pronounced [ˈnʏʁnbɛʁɡɐ ɡəˈzɛtsə] ⓘ) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.
An executive order on the Law on the Organization of National Work canceled all state contracts held with Jewish-owned firms in order to attack the Jews economically. [29] Dec 21, 1938 Law on Midwives: This law banned all Jews from being midwives. [53] [29] Feb 21, 1939 Third Order based on the Decree on the Registration of Jewish Property
Nazi propaganda infiltrated the city and served as a reminder to Jews that they were inferior, and advertisements to Aryan Germans of a better Germany. [5] Later, the Nuremberg Laws were passed in 1935. [4] These included two laws designed to further the divide between the Nazi Aryan race and Jews and to allow for the legal persecution of Jews. [6]
A chart depicting the Nuremberg Laws that were enacted in 1935. From 1933 to 1945, the Nazi regime ruled Germany and, at times, controlled almost all of Europe. During this time, Nazi Germany shifted from the post-World War I society which characterized the Weimar Republic and introduced an ideology of "biological racism" into the country's legal and justicial systems. [1]
Under the 26 June 1936 Law for the Alteration of Military Service Law, "half-Jews" (German citizens with a Jewish parent) and "quarter-Jews" (German citizens with a Jewish grandparent) were entitled to, and required to, serve in the Wehrmacht. [6] [13] [14] "Half-Jews", however, were prohibited from being promoted to non-commissioned officers.
The Manifesto of Race published on July 14, 1938, prepared for the enactment of racial laws to be introduced. The Italian Racial Laws were passed on November 18, 1938, excluding Jews from the civil service, the armed forces, and the National Fascist Party, and restricting Jewish ownership of certain companies and property; intermarriage was also prohibited. [1]
Bernhard Lösener (27 December 1890 – 28 August 1952) was a lawyer and Jewish expert in the Reich Ministry of the Interior. He was among the lawyers who helped draft the Nuremberg Laws, among other legislation that deprived German Jews of their rights and ultimately led to their deportation to concentration camps. [1] [2]
Jewish resistance under Nazi rule took various forms of organized underground activities conducted against German occupation regimes in Europe by Jews during World War II. According to historian Yehuda Bauer, Jewish resistance was defined as actions that were taken against all laws and actions acted by Germans. [1]