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In physics, polaritons / p ə ˈ l ær ɪ t ɒ n z, p oʊ-/ [1] are bosonic quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves (photon) with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation (state) of solid or liquid matter (such as a phonon, plasmon, or an exciton).
The coupling of the phonon and the photon is the most promininent in the region where the original transverse disperion relations would have crossed. In the limit of large k , the solid lines of both branches approach the dotted lines, meaning, the coupling does not have a large impact on the behaviour of the vibrations.
They arise from the coupling of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiations to the magnetic dipole polarization in the surface layers of a solid. Magnons are analogous to other forms of polaritons , such as plasmons and phonons , but represent an oscillation of the magnetic component of the solid's EM field rather than its electric component or a ...
The A field is the photon, which corresponds classically to the well-known electromagnetic four-potential – i.e. the electric and magnetic fields. The Z field actually contributes in every process the photon does, but due to its large mass, the contribution is usually negligible.
A polaron is a quasiparticle used in condensed matter physics to understand the interactions between electrons and atoms in a solid material. The polaron concept was proposed by Lev Landau in 1933 [1] and Solomon Pekar in 1946 [2] to describe an electron moving in a dielectric crystal where the atoms displace from their equilibrium positions to effectively screen the charge of an electron ...
A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice. In the equivalent wave picture of quantum mechanics, a magnon can be viewed as a quantized spin wave. Magnons carry a fixed amount of energy and lattice momentum, and are spin-1, indicating they obey boson behavior.
For example, a magnon in a ferromagnet can be considered in one of two perfectly equivalent ways: (a) as a mobile defect (a misdirected spin) in a perfect alignment of magnetic moments or (b) as a quantum of a collective spin wave that involves the precession of many spins. In the first case, the magnon is envisioned as a quasiparticle, in the ...
The damping of the dynamical magnetisation is accounted for phenomenologically by the Gilbert damping constant in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG equation), the energy loss mechanism itself is not completely understood, but is known to arise microscopically from magnon-magnon scattering, magnon-phonon scattering and losses due to eddy ...