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Higher platelet transfusion thresholds have been used in premature neonates, but this has been based on limited evidence. [19] There is now evidence that using a high platelet count threshold (50 x 10 9 /L) increases the risk of death or bleeding compared to a lower platelet count threshold (25 x 10 9 /L) in premature neonates. [20]
In a typical set of rules, a platelet donor must weigh at least 50 kg (110 lb) and have a platelet count of at least 150 x 10 9 /L (150,000 platelets per mm³). [2] One unit has greater than 3×10 11 platelets. Therefore, it takes 2 liters of blood having a platelet count of 150,000/mm³ to produce one unit of platelets.
A normal platelet count ranges from 150 to 400 x10 9 /L, but these patients can have platelet counts well below 50 x 10 9 /L. These low platelet counts are associated with an increased bleeding risk. Generally, platelet transfusions are given at a threshold of 10 x10 9 /L in order to increase the number of circulating platelets.
On rare occasions, blood products are contaminated with bacteria. This can result in a life-threatening infection known as transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection. The risk of severe bacterial infection is estimated, as of 2020, at about 1 in 2,500 platelet transfusions, and 1 in 2,000,000 red blood cell transfusions. [44]
It also helps to improve the oxygen saturation in blood. It can be stored at 2.0 °C-6.0 °C for 35–45 days. Platelet transfusion is transfused to those with low platelet count. Platelets can be stored at room temperature for up to 5–7 days. Single donor platelets, which have a more platelet count but it is bit expensive than regular.
The single unit policy is helpful in platelet transfusion as there this blood component has a short shelf-life than other components. Assessment after one bag can include assessing clinical bleeding, platelet count looking at the post transfusion increment and/or functional platelet assessments. [8]
Whole blood is fractionated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma whilst plasma can be further refined into separate components such as albumin, clotting factor concentrates and immunoglobulin. The blood bank is the section of the clinical laboratory where laboratory scientists store and distribute blood components .
Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as it fuels the coagulopathy. Platelet transfusion is generally ineffective, and thus contraindicated, for prophylaxis in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), because the transfused platelets are immediately cleared; however, it is indicated to treat bleeding. [70]
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