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The Ukrainian National transliteration system uses gh to avoid occurrence of another digraph, usually zh which is used for another type of phoneme. Such as the word "pack" (a group of animals) in Ukrainian would be Romanized as zghraia ( Ukrainian : зграя ) rather than zhraia, which could be misconstrued to intend * жрая .
In some words, a soft g has lost its trailing e due to suffixing, but the combination dg would imply the soft pronunciation anyway (e.g. fledgling, judgment, pledgor). Digraphs and trigraphs, such as ng , gg , and dge , have their own pronunciation rules.
Not every English word that contains a gh was originally spelled with a yogh: for example, spaghetti is Italian, where the h makes the g hard (i.e., [ɡ] instead of [dʒ]); ghoul is Arabic, in which the gh was /ɣ/. The medieval author Orm used this letter in three ways when writing Early Middle English.
When gh occurs at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced hard (/ɡ/) as in “ghost” and “ghetto". In a few words of Greek origin, the digraph gm is pronounced /m/, with the (g) being silent, such as in “phlegm”, “paradigm” and "diaphragm".
In Welsh, the digraph ll fused for a time into a ligature.. A digraph (from Ancient Greek δίς (dís) 'double' and γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
Also note a combination digraph and cluster as seen in length with two digraphs ng , th representing a cluster of two consonants: /ŋθ/ (although it may be pronounced /ŋkθ/ instead, as ng followed by a voiceless consonant in the same syllable often does); lights with a silent digraph gh followed by a cluster t , s : /ts/; and compound words ...
English: Latin capital digraph G H (Gh); Latin small digraph G H (gh). Date: 9 February 2020: Source: Own work: Author: Person or Persons Unknown: Licensing.
The digraph gh was pronounced in Middle English in such words as light. Sound distinctions from foreign languages may be lost, as with the distinction between smooth rho (ρ) and roughly aspirated rho (ῥ) in Ancient Greek , represented by r and rh in Latin , but merged to the same [r] in English .
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