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There are three inequalities between means to prove. There are various methods to prove the inequalities, including mathematical induction, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, Lagrange multipliers, and Jensen's inequality. For several proofs that GM ≤ AM, see Inequality of arithmetic and geometric means.
Throughout the proof, given and , we shall assume that =. A double induction argument is applied to the couple of integers (,), representing the orders of differentiation. The other parameters are constructed in such a way that they comply with the hypotheses of the theorem.
Mathematical induction can be informally illustrated by reference to the sequential effect of falling dominoes. [1] [2]Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement () is true for every natural number, that is, that the infinitely many cases (), (), (), (), … all hold.
In proof by mathematical induction, a single "base case" is proved, and an "induction rule" is proved that establishes that any arbitrary case implies the next case. Since in principle the induction rule can be applied repeatedly (starting from the proved base case), it follows that all (usually infinitely many) cases are provable. [ 15 ]
Bernoulli's inequality can be proved for case 2, in which is a non-negative integer and , using mathematical induction in the following form: we prove the inequality for r ∈ { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle r\in \{0,1\}} ,
The inequality with the subtractions can be proven easily via mathematical induction. The one with the additions is proven identically. The one with the additions is proven identically. We can choose n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} as the base case and see that for this value of n {\displaystyle n} we get
This is a list of notable theorems.Lists of theorems and similar statements include: List of algebras; List of algorithms; List of axioms; List of conjectures
Structural induction is a proof method that is used in mathematical logic (e.g., in the proof of Łoś' theorem), computer science, graph theory, and some other mathematical fields. It is a generalization of mathematical induction over natural numbers and can be further generalized to arbitrary Noetherian induction .