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Another source reports Duchenne muscular dystrophy being a rare disease and having an occurrence of 7.1 per 100,000 male births. [9] A number of sources referenced in this article indicate an occurrence of 6 per 100,000. [10] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 ...
Many affected people will eventually become unable to walk [2] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in particular is associated with shortened life expectancy. Muscular dystrophy was first described in the 1830s by Charles Bell. [2] The word "dystrophy" comes from the Greek dys, meaning "no, un-" and troph-meaning "nourish". [2]
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness. Per the name , FSHD tends to sequentially weaken the muscles of the face , those that position the scapula , and those overlying the humerus bone of the upper arm.
In Qatar, MDC1A constituted 48% of congenital muscular dystrophy subtypes with estimated a point prevalence of 0.8 in 100.000 in a patient cohort from the Gulf and Middle East. [32] Contrastingly, in Australia it constituted 16% of all congenital muscular dystrophy subtypes namely the third most common subtype. [33]
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys). It is different from a hypertensive urgency by this additional evidence for impending irreversible hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD).
The disease is genetically heterogeneous, but the most common form of its transmission is an autosomal dominant pattern. [14] Autosomal recessive (as found, for example, in Alström syndrome [14]), X-linked (as in Duchenne muscular dystrophy), and mitochondrial inheritance of the disease is also found. [23]
Hypertension is also associated with decreased peripheral venous compliance, [77] which may increase venous return, increase cardiac preload and, ultimately, cause diastolic dysfunction. For patients having hypertension, higher heart rate variability (HRV) is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. [78]
DM1 is the most common form of myotonic muscular dystrophy diagnosed in children, with a prevalence ranging from 1 per 100,000 in Japan to 3–15 per 100,000 in Europe. [13] The prevalence may be as high as 1 in 500 in regions such as Quebec, possibly due to the founder effect .