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In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product [note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used.
The dot product of a dyadic with a vector gives another vector, and taking the dot product of this result gives a scalar derived from the dyadic. The effect that a given dyadic has on other vectors can provide indirect physical or geometric interpretations. Dyadic notation was first established by Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1884. The notation and ...
Let F be a field, and f a function from V to F k such that xy is an edge of G if and only if f(x)·f(y) ≥ t. This is the dot product representation of G. The number t is called the dot product threshold, and the smallest possible value of k is called the dot product dimension. [1]
Inner products allow formal definitions of intuitive geometric notions, such as lengths, angles, and orthogonality (zero inner product) of vectors. Inner product spaces generalize Euclidean vector spaces, in which the inner product is the dot product or scalar product of Cartesian coordinates.
The product in the algebra is called the geometric product, ... the inner product of two vectors can be identified with the dot product ... is a linear function ...
For many classes of partial differential equations, such as linear elliptic equations, it is possible to consider a generalized solution (known as a weak solution) by enlarging the class of functions. Many weak formulations involve the class of Sobolev functions, which is a Hilbert space. A suitable weak formulation reduces to a geometrical ...
The inner product of a Euclidean space is often called dot product and denoted x ⋅ y. This is specially the case when a Cartesian coordinate system has been chosen, as, in this case, the inner product of two vectors is the dot product of their coordinate vectors. For this reason, and for historical reasons, the dot notation is more commonly ...
Definition: [7] The midpoint of two elements x and y in a vector space is the vector 1 / 2 (x + y). Theorem [ 7 ] [ 8 ] — Let A : X → Y be a surjective isometry between normed spaces that maps 0 to 0 ( Stefan Banach called such maps rotations ) where note that A is not assumed to be a linear isometry.