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The Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) extends 1200 km across the Philippine archipelago behind the convergent boundary of the Philippine Trench and the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate. [3] This left-lateral strike-slip fault extends NW-SE (N30 – 40 W) accommodating the lateral oblique motion of the subducting Philippine Sea plate with ...
The Philippine archipelago is also cut along its length by a left-lateral strike-slip fault known as the Philippine Fault. [5] [1] Active subduction disturbs the Earth's crust, leading to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and tsunamis, making the Philippines one of the most geologically hazard-prone regions on Earth. [4] [6]
The Sibuyan Sea Fault is a part of the Philippine Fault System, a major inter-related system of geological faults throughout the whole of the Philippine Archipelago. This fault system is primarily caused by tectonic forces compressing the Philippines into what geophysicists call the Philippine Mobile Belt. The Sibuyan Sea Fault is located ...
The Philippine fault has been slipping at a rate of 33 ± 11 mm/yr in the northern and central Leyte sections. The southern part of the Philippine fault is mainly located in eastern Mindanao and constitutes a complex fault system with discrete strands and splays.
On Luzon, the fault zone splays out into a number of different faults, including the Digdig Fault. One of the largest historical earthquake on the fault zone was the 1990 Luzon M s 7.8 event that left nearly 2,000 people dead or missing. The same part of the fault zone is thought to have ruptured in the 1645 Luzon earthquake. [7]
PHIVOLCS initially suspected the earthquake may have occurred on the Abra River Fault. Geologists had been aware of the potential for large earthquakes on the fault. The last known earthquake on the fault was in 1868, measuring 4.0–5.0 in magnitude. [11] The Abra River Fault is a northern extension of the Philippine Fault Zone.
Notably, on July 24, 2021, the fault was responsible for the Calatagan earthquake, which registered a magnitude of 6.6. The region's tectonic dynamics, marked by the lateral motion along this fault, contribute to the occurrence of significant seismic events such as the mentioned earthquake. [2] [3]
It is separated from the Philippine Sea plate to the west by a divergent boundary with numerous transform fault offsets. The boundary between the Mariana and the Pacific plate to the east is a subduction zone with the Pacific plate subducting beneath the Mariana.