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  2. Particle in a one-dimensional lattice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_one...

    In quantum mechanics, the particle in a one-dimensional lattice is a problem that occurs in the model of a periodic crystal lattice.The potential is caused by ions in the periodic structure of the crystal creating an electromagnetic field so electrons are subject to a regular potential inside the lattice.

  3. Spin chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_chain

    This models a one-dimensional lattice of fixed particles with spin 1/2. A simple version (the antiferromagnetic XXX model) was solved, that is, the spectrum of the Hamiltonian of the Heisenberg model was determined, by Hans Bethe using the Bethe ansatz. [2]

  4. Empty lattice approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_lattice_approximation

    For a particle in a one-dimensional lattice, like the Kronig–Penney model, it is possible to calculate the band structure analytically by substituting the values for the potential, the lattice spacing and the size of potential well. [2] For two and three-dimensional problems it is more difficult to calculate a band structure based on a ...

  5. Bethe ansatz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethe_ansatz

    In physics, the Bethe ansatz is an ansatz for finding the exact wavefunctions of certain quantum many-body models, most commonly for one-dimensional lattice models.It was first used by Hans Bethe in 1931 to find the exact eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic isotropic (XXX) Heisenberg model.

  6. Lattice density functional theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_Density_Functional...

    In 1925, Ising [2] gave an exact solution to the one-dimensional (1D) lattice problem. In 1944 Onsager [3] was able to get an exact solution to a two-dimensional (2D) lattice problem at the critical density. However, to date, no three-dimensional (3D) problem has had a solution that is both complete and exact. [4]

  7. Peierls transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peierls_transition

    Gold deposited on a stepped Si(553) surface has shown evidence of two simultaneous Peierls transitions. The lattice period is distorted by factors of 2 and 3, and energy gaps open for nearly 1/2-filled and 1/3–1/4 filled bands. The distortions have been studied and imaged using LEED and STM, while the energy bands were studied with ARP. [9]

  8. Lattice problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_problem

    In computer science, lattice problems are a class of optimization problems related to mathematical objects called lattices.The conjectured intractability of such problems is central to the construction of secure lattice-based cryptosystems: lattice problems are an example of NP-hard problems which have been shown to be average-case hard, providing a test case for the security of cryptographic ...

  9. Jordan–Wigner transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan–Wigner_transformation

    The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a transformation that maps spin operators onto fermionic creation and annihilation operators.It was proposed by Pascual Jordan and Eugene Wigner [1] for one-dimensional lattice models, but now two-dimensional analogues of the transformation have also been created.

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