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The Skraup synthesis is a chemical reaction used to synthesize quinolines.It is named after the Czech chemist Zdenko Hans Skraup (1850-1910). In the archetypal Skraup reaction, aniline is heated with sulfuric acid, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent such as nitrobenzene to yield quinoline.
Nitrosation of aniline. N-Nitrosamines arise from the reaction of nitrite sources with amino compounds. Typically, this reaction occurs when the nucleophilic nitrogen of a secondary amine attacks the nitrogen of the electrophilic nitrosonium ion: [14] NO 2 − + 2 H + → NO + + H 2 O R 2 NH + NO + → R 2 N-NO + H +
Reaction with non-metallic elements, with the exceptions of nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, silicon, and halogens other than iodine, usually oxidizes them to their highest oxidation states as acids with the formation of nitrogen dioxide for concentrated acid and nitric oxide for dilute acid.
Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) [6] is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2.Consisting of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) attached to an amino group (−NH 2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.
In the so-called Ter Meer reaction (1876) named after Edmund ter Meer, [14] the reactant is a 1,1-halonitroalkane: The reaction mechanism is proposed in which in the first slow step a proton is abstracted from nitroalkane 1 to a carbanion 2 followed by protonation to an aci-nitro 3 and finally nucleophilic displacement of chlorine based on an ...
The reaction mechanism [7] undergoes three major steps, the first one being the protonation of the oxygen on the carbonyl in the β-diketone, which then undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction with the aniline. An intramolecular proton transfer is followed by an E2 mechanism, which causes a molecule of water to leave.
The direct nitration of aniline with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, according to one source, [12] results in a 50/50 mixture of para- and meta-nitroaniline isomers. In this reaction the fast-reacting and activating aniline (ArNH 2 ) exists in equilibrium with the more abundant but less reactive (deactivated) anilinium ion (ArNH 3 + ), which may ...
Dimethylaniline undergoes many of the reactions expected for an aniline, being weakly basic and reactive toward electrophiles. [6] It is nitrated to produce tetryl, a derivative with four nitro groups which was once used as explosive. In acidic solution, the initial nitration gives 3-nitrodimethylaniline. [7]