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Maximilian I (Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; German: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867.
Maximilian was born in 1832, the second son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria of the House of Hapsburg and Princess Sophie of Bavaria. After a career in the Austrian Navy, he was encouraged by Napoleon III to become Emperor of Mexico following the French intervention in Mexico. Maximilian arrived in Mexico in May 1864.
In 1867, Maximilian was captured, tried, and executed by the Mexican Republic ruled by President Benito Juárez. [17] After two short-lived attempts at monarchy in Mexico that ended with the execution of the monarchs, Mexico has remained a republic.
The Emperor Maximilian Memorial Chapel is a small Roman Catholic chapel located on the Cerro de las Campanas (Hill of the Bells) in Querétaro City in central Mexico. It is dedicated to the memory of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, and was built on the spot where the Emperor and two of his generals were executed on 19 June 1867.
Franciso Arrangoiz who had been Maximilian's minister to Britain, Holland, and Belgium, [67] later accused Maximilian of passing such reforms to gain favorable public opinion in Europe, and to give the impression that he had a 'creative genius' and was 'lifting Mexico out of barbarism.' [68]
The Mexican nobility were a hereditary nobility of Mexico, with specific privileges and obligations determined in the various political systems that historically ruled over the Mexican territory. A deputation of many members of the Mexican nobility, presenting the throne of the Mexican Empire to the future Maximilian I of Mexico in 1863.
The Empire survived a few months more as Maximilian and his Mexican supporters engaged in a last stand against the Republicans. They were defeated however, and Maximilian along with his two leading Mexican generals were tried and executed in June 1867, putting an end to Mexican efforts at establishing a monarchical government.
Maximilian I, Last Emperor of Mexico. During the Second Mexican Empire , Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico made a new division of national territory. Territorial divisions throughout Mexican history were generally linked to political change and programs aimed at improving the administrative, country's economic and social development.