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The function of the immune system primarily depends on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency. The majority of interleukins are synthesized by CD4 helper T-lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. In humans, it is encoded by the IL6 gene. [5] In addition, osteoblasts secrete IL-6 to stimulate osteoclast formation. Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media of many blood vessels also produce IL-6 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
Several rare conditions are due to defects in the innate immune system, which is a basic line of defense that is independent of the more advanced lymphocyte-related systems. Many of these conditions are associated with skin problems. [7] Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 deficiency; IL-12p40 deficiency; Interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency
Likewise, the action of Interleukin 4 and Interleukin 15 will lead to proliferation and differentiation of B-cells into antibody secreting plasma cells. [12] Lastly, Interleukin 15 helps generate developed and matured natural killer cells. [5] The gene that encodes the common gamma chain in these interleukin receptors is mutated in X-SCID.
This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed ...
An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. [1] These disorders can be characterized in several different ways: By the component(s) of the immune system affected; By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive; By whether the condition is congenital or acquired
Nowadays, the blockade of IL-1 activity (especially IL-1β) is a standard therapy for patients with autoimmune diseases or lymphomas. Anakinra (IL-1Ra) is FDA-approved as a therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, [54] because it reduces symptoms and slows joint destruction of this inflammatory disease.
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase deficiency is an inherited disorder of the immune system. [6] This immunodeficiency leads to recurrent infections caused by the pyogenic bacteria, for example Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not by other infectious agents.