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The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD). Alternatively, this method is useful for determining the expected heat ...
Q is the exchanged heat duty , U is the heat transfer coefficient (watts per kelvin per square meter), A is the exchange area. Note that estimating the heat transfer coefficient may be quite complicated. This holds both for cocurrent flow, where the streams enter from the same end, and for countercurrent flow, where they enter from different ends.
Such a real-world value may be used as a figure of merit for the device. For engines where a fuel is burned, there are two types of thermal efficiency: indicated thermal efficiency and brake thermal efficiency. [3] This form of efficiency is only appropriate when comparing similar types or similar devices.
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work (energy) required.
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a ...
The U.S. real estate market has another year in the books after 2024 came to a close this week. While the median that homes sold for clocked in at $383,725 for the four weekings ending Dec. 22 ...
WAULT, short for weighted average unexpired lease term, is a measurement used in commercial real estate to quickly judge the value of contracted rents in a property, or more commonly, a portfolio of properties.