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Those diagnosed with epilepsy or certain other neurological conditions are more vulnerable to seizures if the threshold is reduced, and should be compliant with their anticonvulsant drug regimen. Medications that lower seizure threshold include the antidepressant and nicotinic antagonist bupropion, the atypical opioid analgesics tramadol and ...
Tramadol increases the risk for seizures by lowering the seizure threshold. Using other medications that lower seizure threshold - such as antipsychotic medications, bupropion (an anti-depressant and smoking cessation drug), and amphetamines - can further increase this risk. [62]
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]
For many drugs, severe toxicities in humans occur at sublethal doses, which limit their maximum dose. A higher safety-based therapeutic index is preferable instead of a lower one; an individual would have to take a much higher dose of a drug to reach the lethal threshold than the dose taken to induce the therapeutic effect of the drug.
A convulsant is a drug which induces convulsions and/or epileptic seizures, the opposite of an anticonvulsant.These drugs generally act as stimulants at low doses, but are not used for this purpose due to the risk of convulsions and consequent excitotoxicity.
A missed dose or incorrectly timed dose of an anticonvulsant may be responsible for a breakthrough seizure, even if the person often missed doses in the past, and has not had a seizure as a result. [20] Missed doses are one of the most common reasons for a breakthrough seizure. A single missed dose is capable of triggering a seizure in some ...
The newer drugs tend to have fewer side effects. [42] For newly diagnosed partial or mixed seizures, there is evidence for using gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or topiramate as monotherapy. [42] Lamotrigine can be included in the options for children with newly diagnosed absence seizures. [42]
N,O-Didesmethyltramadol (tramadol metabolite M5) is an opioid derivative which is one of two active metabolites of the opioid analgesic medication tramadol.It is many times less potent than the other active metabolite O-Desmethyltramadol but is still more potent as a mu opioid receptor agonist than tramadol itself, unlike the other metabolites N-desmethyltramadol, N,N-didesmethyltramadol, and ...