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There are 14 indigenous language groups in Canada with about 100 distinct languages and dialects, including many sign languages. [63] Almost all indigenous languages in Canada are considered endangered, with the exception of Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, and the Cree varieties Naskapi, Atikamekw, East Cree, and Plains Cree. [64]
Indigenous English, also known as First Nations English (FNE), refers to varieties of English used by the Indigenous peoples of Canada.These many varieties are a result of the many Indigenous languages present in Canada and reflect the linguistic diversity of the country.
National Indigenous Peoples Day, formerly National Aboriginal Day, June 21, recognizes the cultures and contributions of Aboriginal peoples of Canada. [117] There are currently over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands encompassing 1,172,790 2006 people spread across Canada with distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and ...
In addition to these influences, Canadian English has also been minorly shaped by Indigenous languages. [24] [page needed] Indigenous words such as moose, toboggan, and moccasin have become part of the Canadian English lexicon. Canadian English is the product of five waves of immigration and settlement over a period of more than two centuries. [6]
It is the most widely spoken aboriginal language in Canada. [18] The only region where Cree has official status is in the Northwest Territories, together with eight other aboriginal languages, French and English. [19] [20] The two major groups: nehiyaw and Innu, speak a mutually intelligible Cree dialect continuum, which can be divided by many ...
Language teaching is compulsory in all English schools from the ages of 5 or 7. Modern and ancient languages, such as French, German, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Urdu, Mandarin, Russian, Bengali, Hebrew, and Arabic, are studied. [100] Language teaching is compulsory from the ages of 11 or 12 in Scotland and Wales.
Over a thousand known languages were spoken by various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century (the voyages of Christopher Columbus).
Ottawa is known to its speakers as Nishnaabemwin 'speaking the native language' (from Anishinaabe 'native person' + verb suffix -mo 'speak a language' + suffix -win 'nominalizer', with regular deletion of short vowels); the same term is applied to the Eastern Ojibwe dialect. [4] The corresponding term in other dialects is Anishinaabemowin. [5]