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Alexandra Feodorovna (Russian: Александра Фёдоровна; 6 June [O.S. 25 May] 1872 – 17 July 1918), born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, was the last Empress of Russia as the consort of Tsar Nicholas II from their marriage on 26 November [O.S. 14 November] 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March [O.S. 2 March] 1917.
The relationship between Grand Duke Sergei and his nephew, who had served under his command in the Preobrazhensky Life Guard Regiment, was close and it became stronger with Nicholas II's marriage to Princess Alix of Hesse, the youngest sister of Sergei's wife—a union that Sergei and Elizabeth Feodorovna had helped to promote.
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia (born Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine; 1 November 1864 – 18 July 1918) was a German Hessian and Rhenish princess of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt, and the wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, the fifth son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine: 9. Princess Elisabeth of Prussia: 2. Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine: 10. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: 5. Princess Alice of the United Kingdom: 11. Victoria of the United Kingdom: 1. Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine: 12. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (= 10) 6.
On 19 April 1894, Tsarevich Nicholas was at the wedding of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, to their mutual cousin, Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Nicholas had also obtained permission from his parents, Tsar Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna, to propose to Ernst's younger sister, Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, one of the favorite granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg [36] 1. Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine: 12. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: 6. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: 13. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg: 3. Princess Alice of the United Kingdom: 14. Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn: 7. Queen Victoria: 15.
It was during these visits that her second youngest son Sergei met his future wife, Alice's second daughter, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine. It was also here that Maria met Elisabeth's youngest surviving sister, Princess Alix, who would eventually become the devoted and ill-fated wife of Maria's eldest grandson, Emperor Nicholas II. [51]
He married Alix of Hesse (later Alexandra Feodorovna) and had children Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia—collectively known as the OTMA sisters—and the tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. During his reign, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin.