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  2. Zaleplon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaleplon

    Zaleplon, sold under the brand name Sonata among others, is a sedative and hypnotic which is used to treat insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug of the pyrazolopyrimidine class. [ 10 ] It was developed by King Pharmaceuticals and approved for medical use in the United States in 1999.

  3. Zopiclone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zopiclone

    Zopiclone reduces the total amount of time spent in REM sleep as well as delaying its onset. [31] [32] In EEG studies, zopiclone significantly increases the energy of the beta frequency band, increasing stage 2. Zopiclone is less selective to the α1 site and has higher affinity to the α2 site than zaleplon.

  4. Zolpidem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolpidem

    Like zaleplon, zolpidem may increase slow-wave sleep but cause no effect on stage 2 sleep. [ 59 ] A 2004 meta-analysis compared benzodiazepines against nonbenzodiazepines and showed few consistent differences between zolpidem and benzodiazepines in terms of sleep onset latency , total sleep duration, number of awakenings, quality of sleep ...

  5. Triazolam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triazolam

    Triazolam, like other benzodiazepines, is susceptible to misuse and abuse. Its rapid onset of action and short half life contribute to its abuse potential, but its relative obscurity compared to other fast-acting benzodiazepines (such as alprazolam or lorazepam) prevent its abuse from becoming particularly commonplace. Likewise, because it is ...

  6. Eszopiclone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszopiclone

    In 2015, the American Geriatrics Society reviewed the safety information about eszopiclone and similar drugs and concluded that the "nonbenzodiazepine, benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics (eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem) are to be avoided without consideration of duration of use because of their association with harms balanced with their ...

  7. Lemborexant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemborexant

    Lemborexant is used in the treatment of insomnia in adults. [3]A major systematic review and network meta-analysis of medications for the treatment of insomnia published in 2022 found that lemborexant had an effect size (standardized mean difference (SMD)) against placebo for treatment of insomnia at 4 weeks of 0.36 (95% CI Tooltip confidence interval 0.08 to 0.63) and at 3 months of 0.41 (95% ...

  8. Ramelteon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramelteon

    The half-life and duration of ramelteon are much longer than those of melatonin. [7] Ramelteon is not a benzodiazepine or Z-drug and does not interact with GABA receptors, instead having a distinct mechanism of action. [3] [8] Ramelteon was first described in 2002 [9] and was approved for medical use in 2005. [10]

  9. Benzodiazepine dependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_dependence

    With longer-term use, other therapies, both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic, become more effective. This is in part due to the greater effectiveness over time of other forms of therapy, and also due to the eventual development of pharmacological benzodiazepine tolerance. [9] [10]

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