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On the one hand, caffeine effects appear to be detrimental to short-term memory, working memory included, whereas the effects are somewhat positive for memory over the long term (for example, remembering something better many days later if caffeine was ingested during encoding as well as retrieval, as opposed to no caffeine [7]). Many of the ...
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Caffeine can cause a physical dependence, if consumed in excessive amounts. [3] The need for caffeine can be identified when individuals feel headaches, fatigue and muscle pain 24 hours after their last energy drink. [4] Some commercially distributed drinks contain guarana, a South American berry with a caffeine content about twice that of ...
Patricca explains the optimum amount of caffeine is 3-6 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. Converting this, a 130-pound woman would need 177mg to reach that performance increase of 2-4%.
According to the USDA National Nutrient Database, a 240-millilitre (8 US fl oz) cup of "coffee brewed from grounds" contains 95 mg caffeine, whereas an espresso (25 mL) contains 53 mg. [189] According to an article in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, coffee has the following caffeine content, depending on how it is prepared: [186]
The therapeutic dose of theophylline, however, is many times greater than the levels attained from caffeine metabolism. [46] 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a minor caffeine metabolite. [5] 7-Methylxanthine is also a metabolite of caffeine. [193] [194] Each of the above metabolites is further metabolized and then excreted in the urine.
College students often drink coffee as their source of caffeine. 2-4 cups of coffee at night can increase the time it takes to fall asleep to nearly twice the normal amount. The average time takes to fall asleep is roughly 6.3 minutes, but with caffeine this time is increased to 12.1 minutes. [24]
[1] [2] Energy drinks have the effects of caffeine and sugar, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect. [3] Most effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance, such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine. [4]