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The human brain contains 86 billion neurons, with 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex. [ 2 ] [ 1 ] Neuron counts constitute an important source of insight on the topic of neuroscience and intelligence : the question of how the evolution of a set of components and parameters (~10 11 neurons, ~10 14 synapses) of a complex system leads to ...
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for special senses such as vision, hearing and olfaction.
The medulla oblongata connects the higher levels of the brain to the spinal cord, and is responsible for several functions of the autonomous nervous system which include: The control of ventilation via signals from the carotid and aortic bodies. Respiration is regulated by groups of chemoreceptors.
Organs formed inside the coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall while fluid in the peritoneum cushions and protects them from shocks. Arthropods and most molluscs have a reduced (but still true) coelom, the hemocoel (of an open circulatory system ) and the smaller gonocoel (a cavity that contains the gonads ).
The purpose of this part of the brain is to sustain fundamental homeostatic functions, which are self regulating processes organisms use to help their bodies adapt. The pons and medulla are major structures found there. A new region of the brain developed in mammals about 250 million years after the appearance of the hindbrain.
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all parts of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and diploblasts.
A lobster is heavily cephalized, with eyes, antennae, multiple mouthparts, and the brain (inside the armoured exoskeleton), all concentrated at the animal's head end. Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in animals that, over many generations, the special sense organs and nerve ganglia become concentrated towards the front of the body where ...
"Reptilian complex" (also known as the "R-complex", "reptilian brain" or "lizard brain") was the name MacLean gave to the basal ganglia, structures derived from the floor of the forebrain during development. The term derives from the idea that comparative neuroanatomists once believed that the forebrains of reptiles and birds were dominated by ...
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