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During the Kojiki and Nihonshoki periods the tanka retained a well defined form, but the history of the mutations of the tanka itself forms an important chapter in haiku history, [7] until the modern revival of tanka began with several poets who began to publish literary magazines, gathering their friends and disciples as contributors.
Haiku (俳句, listen ⓘ) is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 morae (called on in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; [1] that include a kireji, or "cutting word"; [2] and a kigo, or seasonal reference.
[a] Sometimes they are written in the three-line, seventeen-syllable haiku form, although the most common type of death poem (called a jisei 辞世) is in the waka form called the tanka (also called a jisei-ei 辞世詠) which consists of five lines totaling 31 syllables (5-7-5-7-7)—a form that constitutes over half of surviving death poems ...
Shōtetsu (正徹, 1381–1459 CE) was a Japanese poet during the Muromachi period, and is considered to have been the last poet in the courtly waka tradition; [1] a number of his disciples were important in the development of the renga art form, which led to the haiku.
This is a list of kigo, which are words or phrases that are associated with a particular season in Japanese poetry.They provide an economy of expression that is especially valuable in the very short haiku, as well as the longer linked-verse forms renku and renga, to indicate the season referenced in the poem or stanza.
Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, [3] credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. [4] He also wrote on reform of tanka poetry. [5] Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa. [6] [7]
Santōka Taneda (種田 山頭火, Taneda Santōka, December 3, 1882 – October 11, 1940) was the pen-name of Shōichi Taneda (種田 正一, Taneda Shōichi), a Japanese author and haiku poet. He is known for his free verse haiku—a style which does not conform to the formal rules of traditional haiku.
The modern form, known as American cinquain [1] [2] is inspired by Japanese haiku and tanka [3] [4] and is akin in spirit to that of the Imagists. [5] In her 1915 collection titled Verse, published a year after her death, Adelaide Crapsey included 28 cinquains. [6] Crapsey's American Cinquain form developed in two stages.