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Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2] [3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
The relationship between this breakdown voltage and the pd product—where p is the gas pressure and d is the distance between the electrodes—is referred to as Paschen's law. [1] [2] For a range of gas molecules, the breakdown voltage estimated by Paschen's law has a minimum value of around pd = 1-10 Torr cm. This suggests that in order to ...
The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways.
Paschen-Back effect, the splitting of atomic energy levels in the presence of a strong magnetic field Paschen series, a Hydrogen spectral series in the infrared band Paschen's law , an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of ...
Louis Carl Heinrich Friedrich Paschen (22 January 1865 – 25 February 1947) was a German physicist, known for his work on electrical discharges. He is also known for the Paschen series , a series of hydrogen spectral lines in the infrared region that he first observed in 1908.
Classical mechanics utilises many equations—as well as other mathematical concepts—which relate various physical quantities to one another. These include differential equations , manifolds , Lie groups , and ergodic theory . [ 4 ]
Distance sampling is a widely used group of closely related methods for estimating the density and/or abundance of populations. The main methods are based on line ...
Vincenty's formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). They are based on the assumption that the figure of the Earth is an oblate spheroid, and hence are more accurate than methods that assume a spherical Earth, such ...
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