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Francis II (French: François II; 19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also King of Scotland as the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560. He ascended the throne of France at age 15 after the accidental death of his father, Henry II, in 1559.
A prodigious patron of the arts, Francis promoted the emergent French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists to work for him, including Leonardo da Vinci, who brought the Mona Lisa, which Francis had acquired. Francis' reign saw important cultural changes with the growth of central power in France, the spread of humanism and ...
The kings used the title "King of the Franks" (Latin: Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin: Rex Franciae; French: roi de France) was Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. [3]
The war confirms France as the dominant continental power and Bourbon strength over the Habsburgs. 1668: 2 May: Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle: end of the War of Devolution. France obtains Lille and other territories of Flanders from Spain. 1678: Treaties of Nijmegen: A series of treaties ending the Franco-Dutch War.
His reign contributed to the centralization of royal power. First king to wage war against the English [44] Philippe (junior king) [n] 14 April 1129 – 13 October 1131 (under Louis VI) Son of Louis VI 29 August 1116 – 13 October 1131 (aged 15) [45] Louis VII "the Young" 1 August 1137 [xviii] – 18 September 1180 (43 years, 1 month and 17 days)
Thereafter, the French kings would again bear the title "King of France and Navarre." Soon after, Philip of Valois was proclaimed King of France under the name of Philip VI of France by the peers of the realm. The Valois took power following the direct Capetians.
France through its French colonial empire, became a superpower from 1643 until 1815; [3] [4] from the reign of King Louis XIV until the defeat of Napoleon in the Napoleonic Wars. [5] The Spanish Empire lost its superpower status to France after the signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees (but maintained the status of Great Power until the ...
From the reign of Francis I, the concept of "royal domain" begins to coincide with the French kingdom in general; the appanage of the House of Bourbon however remains alienated. 1532: union of the Duchy of Brittany to France, the inheritance of Claude of France daughter of Anne of Brittany .