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Stretching lineations record primarily the vector of greatest stretch, which is perpendicular to the principle plane of shortening. A stretching lineation may be visualised as a ball of treacle (molasses) which, when pulled, forms a cigar-shaped rod parallel to the direction in which it is pulled.
Because of the constraints imposed by simple shear, displacement is assumed to occur in the foliation plane in a direction parallel to the mineral stretching lineation. Therefore, a plane parallel to the lineation and perpendicular to the foliation is viewed to determine the shear sense.
Slender prismatic crystals such as amphibole produce a lineation in which these prisms or columnar crystals become aligned. [1] Tectonites are rocks with minerals that have been affected by natural forces of the earth, which allowed their orientations to change. This usually includes recrystallization of minerals, and the foliation formation.
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At this point shear foliations begin to break down into a rodding lineation or a stretch lineation. Such rocks are known as L-tectonites. Stretched pebble conglomerate L-tectonite illustrating a stretch lineation within a shear zone, Glengarry Basin, Australia.
The intersection of these two planes forms an intersection lineation. This intersection lineation, L 1-2 may approximate the plunge of F2 interference folds . The initial impact of a crenulation foliation may be cryptic, microscopic growth of new minerals at an angle to previous foliations.
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Slickenside formation results in unique roughness on a slip surface. Fault surface roughness (or topography) is characterized by the aspect ratio of asperity height to scale of observation, and this roughness is a key parameter in the study of fault slip. [8]