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  2. Inclinometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclinometer

    An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles of slope, elevation, or depression of an object with respect to gravity's direction. It is also known as a tilt indicator , tilt sensor , tilt meter , slope alert , slope gauge , gradient meter , gradiometer , level gauge , level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll ...

  3. Crystallographic image processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic_image...

    The position of the white ring marks the first crossover of the contrast transfer function (CTF) which is used to determine the defocus value (Δf = -650 Å). The reciprocal lattice is then indexed and amplitudes and phases are extracted. The amplitudes and phases can be used to calculate the averaged image for one unit cell via Fourier synthesis.

  4. Köhler illumination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köhler_illumination

    Köhler illumination is a method of specimen illumination used for transmitted and reflected light (trans- and epi-illuminated) optical microscopy.Köhler illumination acts to generate an even illumination of the sample and ensures that an image of the illumination source (for example a halogen lamp filament) is not visible in the resulting image.

  5. Quadrant (instrument) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrant_(instrument)

    Altitude – The plain quadrant with plumb line, used to take the altitude of an object. Gunner's – A type of clinometer used by an artillerist to measure the elevation or depression angle of a gun barrel of a cannon or mortar, both to verify proper firing elevation, and to verify the correct alignment of the weapon-mounted fire control devices.

  6. Differential dynamic microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_dynamic...

    The typical DDM data is a time sequence of microscope images (movie) acquired at some height within the sample (typically at its mid-plane). If the image intensity is locally proportional to the concentration of particles or molecules to be studied (possibly convoluted with the microscope point spread function (PSF)), each movie can be analyzed in the Fourier space to obtain information about ...

  7. Topographic Abney level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_Abney_Level

    In 1914 and 1915, the Forestry Quarterly published a series of articles on the use of the Abney level. [6] [7] [8] These tutorial articles remain useful today, but the primary reference for usage is the 1927 Abney Level Handbook. [3] The Abney level is typically used at the eye height of the surveyor, either hand-held or mounted on a staff at ...

  8. Microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscopy

    A two-photon microscope is also a laser-scanning microscope, but instead of UV, blue or green laser light, a pulsed infrared laser is used for excitation. Only in the tiny focus of the laser is the intensity high enough to generate fluorescence by two-photon excitation , which means that no out-of-focus fluorescence is generated, and no pinhole ...

  9. Hypsometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsometer

    A simple scale hypsometer allows the height of a building or tree to be measured by sighting across a ruler to the base and top of the object being measured, when the distance from the object to the observer is known.